Hierarchical Structuring in Data Labeling for Unstructured Data
1. Introduction​
Managing unstructured data (text, images, audio, video) for machine learning is labor-intensive, especially when labeling large datasets. A proposed solution is to use hierarchical structuring of labels – for example, having a broad category like “human” with sub-labels like “race”, “gender”, “age group”. The hypothesis is that a taxonomy of labels (categories and subcategories) can streamline annotation workflows and reduce labeling and preprocessing costs. In this report, we investigate existing research and industry practices to see if this hypothesis holds true. We examine how hierarchical taxonomies and multi-level schemas have been applied in data labeling pipelines, whether they improved efficiency or reduced resource use, and how this approach relates to modern data-centric AI techniques (like weak supervision or active learning). We also discuss how hierarchical labeling could integrate with emerging architectures such as the MCP(Model Context Protocol) for agent-based AI, and consider potential benefits for AI safety and fairness (through more consistent, transparent labeling).
2. Background​
Taxonomies and Hierarchical Labels​
A taxonomy in data labeling is a structured classification scheme: it defines categories and (optionally) subcategories in a tree-like hierarchy. In practice, a well-designed taxonomy can enhance labeling efficiency and consistency. By providing clear category definitions and relationships, taxonomy-based labeling gives annotators a structured guideline, reducing ambiguity. According to industry guides, a good taxonomy enhances efficiency and accuracy in data labeling, reduces training time, and improves data comprehension.